During the process of water treatment, the parameters that measure water quality are extremely important. The evaluation of water quality conditions, the development of water treatment plans, and the monitoring of the effects of water treatment all provide important foundations for these activities. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common parameters that are used to evaluate water quality. These parameters include physical parameters, chemical parameters, and biological parameters, as well as their applications in water treatment.

1. The physical parameters

The color of water is referred to as chroma, and it is caused by substances that are either dissolved or suspended in the water. The appearance and the use of the water may be negatively impacted by an excessive amount of color, and the color that is caused by certain substances may be hazardous to one's health.

Turbidity is a measurement of the clarity of water and indicates the amount of colloids and suspended particles that are present in the water. Both the ability of aquatic organisms to survive and the normal use of water can be negatively impacted by excessive turbidity.

These insoluble solid particles in water are referred to as suspended solids. Examples of suspended solids include sediment water analysis parameters, organic matter, inorganic matter, and other similar substances. The presence of an excessive amount of suspended solids can have a detrimental effect on aquatic life and put the safety of drinking water at risk.

The term "total solids" refers to the aggregate of dissolved solids and suspended matter in water. This includes dissolved oxygen, salts, organic matter, and other substances. An excessive amount of total solids can have an impact on the flavor as well as the safety of the water.

2. Parameters of the laboratory

The pH scale, which ranges from 1 to 14, is used to determine the degree of acidity or alkalinity in water. There is a significant relationship between the pH value and the survival of aquatic life as well as the typical utilization of water. The different applications of water each have their own unique pH requirements. As an illustration, the pH level of drinking water must typically fall somewhere between 6.5 and 8.5.

Dissolved oxygen is the term used to describe oxygen that has been dissolved in water. This type of oxygen has a significant influence on the ability of aquatic life to survive and on the quality of the water. In the event that the dissolved oxygen levels are too low, aquatic organisms will perish due to hypoxia. Conversely, if the dissolved oxygen levels are too high, aquatic organisms will reproduce an excessive amount. It is typically required that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in drinking water be between 7.5 and 10 mg/L.

When we talk about organic matter, we are referring to compounds that contain elements of carbon. They may originate from the plants and animals that are found in nature or from the actions of humans. Not only does the composition and nature of organic matter have a significant influence on the aquatic life and water quality, but there is also the possibility that certain organic matter may have a detrimental effect on human health.

The term "ammonia nitrogen" refers to ammonia and ammonium ions that are present in water. This substance is primarily derived from nitrogen-containing wastewater that is discharged as a result of human activities. It is possible for water bodies to become eutrophicated if there is an excessive amount of ammonia nitrogen, which is toxic to aquatic organisms.

Metal elements that have a higher density are referred to as heavy metals. Some examples of heavy metals include lead, mercury, cadmium, and others. Because of the potential for heavy metals to have detrimental effects parameters of water quality on human health, water treatment must pay particular attention to and exercise control over the amount of heavy metals present in the water.

3. The parameters of biological systems

Both microorganisms and bacteria are two of the most important biological groups that can be found in water. Both their quantity and their type have a significant influence on the aquatic life and the quality of the water. For the purpose of ensuring the safety and hygienic quality of drinking water, it is imperative that the number of bacteria and microorganisms present in the water be strictly regulated. Substances that are toxic and harmful are substances that have the potential to have a significant impact on human health. Some examples of toxic and harmful substances include pesticides, petroleum, phenol, and other similar substances. The amount of these substances must be strictly regulated in order to lessen the amount of damage that they cause to both people and the environment.

4. Utilization of measurements of water quality in the process of water treatment

Treatment of drinking water: In order to guarantee the safety and hygienic quality of the water, drinking water treatment must strictly control the parameters that determine the water's quality. The turbidity, total solids, organic matter, heavy metals, and other components of drinking water, for instance, are required to conform to the applicable standards.

Industrial water treatment: The selection of appropriate water quality parameters for monitoring and treatment is required for industrial water treatment. These parameters are chosen based on the characteristics and requirements of various industries. As an illustration, the treatment of cooling water necessitates the control of parameters such as turbidity, pH value, and organic matter. Similarly, the treatment of boiler water necessitates the control of parameters such as total solids, salts, and pH value.

Sewage treatment: The selection of appropriate water quality parameters for monitoring and treatment is required for sewage treatment. These water analysis parameters are chosen based on the nature of the sewage and the treatment requirements that pertain to it. As an illustration, the treatment of domestic sewage requires the control of parameters such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and total solids. On the other hand, the treatment of industrial wastewater requires the selection of corresponding water quality parameters for treatment based on the characteristics of the particular wastewater.

The parameters of water quality serve as an essential foundation for evaluating the conditions of water quality, developing treatment plans for water, and continuously monitoring the effects of water treatment. When water is treated for a variety of purposes and industries, it is necessary to pay attention to and maintain control over a variety of water quality parameters. At some point in the future, the monitoring and treatment technology of water quality parameters will continue to improve and improve, making greater contributions to ensuring human health and the sustainable development of the ecological environment. This will be the result of the continuous development of science and technology as well as the improvement of environmental protection requirements.